September 13

September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 509 BC – The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
• 122 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
• 533 – General Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium, near Carthage, North Africa.
• 1213 – Ending of Battle of Muret, during the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy.
• 1440 – Gilles de Rais is finally taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
• 1503 – Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.
• 1504 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.
• 1584 – San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson reached the river that would later be named after him – the Hudson River.
• 1743 – Great Britain, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms (1743).
• 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
• 1788 – The United States' Philadelphia Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S..
• 1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution.
• 1808 – Finnish War: In the Battle of Jutas, Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
• 1812 – War of 1812: A supply wagon sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
• 1814 – The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
• 1814 – Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
• 1848 – Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage incredibly survives a 3-foot-plus iron rod being driven through his head; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate thinking about the nature of the brain and its functions.
• 1850 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam.
• 1882 – The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
• 1898 – Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
• 1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
• 1899 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
• 1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
• 1906 – First fixed-wing aircraft flight in Europe.
• 1914 – World War I: South African troops open hostilities in German south-west Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
• 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.
• 1922 – The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 57.8°C (136.04°F).
• 1922 – The final act of the Greco-Turkish War, the Great Fire of Smyrna, commences.
• 1923 – Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
• 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs is the first woman elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
• 1935 – Rockslide near Whirlpool Rapids Bridge ends the International Railway (New York – Ontario).
• 1940 – World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
• 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeated attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army with heavy losses for the Japanese forces.
• 1943 – Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
• 1943 – The Municipal Theatre of Corfu is destroyed during an aerial bombardment by Luftwaffe.
• 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev appointed secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
• 1956 – IBM introduces the first computer disk storage unit, the RAMAC 305.
• 1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lam Van Phat and Duong Van Duc failed in a coup attempt against General Nguyen Khanh.
• 1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
• 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt.
• 1971 – People's Republic of China, Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao fled the country via a plane after the failure of alleged coup against the supreme leader, the plane crashed in Mongolia, killing all aboard.
• 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa).
• 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure).
• 1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
• 1993 – Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian agreement initiated by Norway.
• 1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with PLO chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy.
• 1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
• 2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the U.S. after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
• 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted.
• 2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston and surrounding areas.

Births

• 64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
• 678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Ruler of Palenque (d. 730)
• 786 – Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph (d. 833)
• 1087 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
• 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat (d. 1507)
• 1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
• 1520 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
• 1604 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (d. 1661)
• 1676 – Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine (d. 1741)
• 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
• 1766 – Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
• 1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
• 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and writer (d. 1880)
• 1813 – John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d. 1864)
• 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
• 1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
• 1842 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
• 1851 – Walter Reed, American physician and biologist (d. 1902)
• 1857 – Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant rebel (d. 1937)
• 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
• 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
• 1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician and union leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
• 1873 – Constantin Carathéodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1874 – Henry Fountain Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
• 1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
• 1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (d. 1962)
• 1882 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
• 1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian geometer (d. 1962)
• 1886 – Sir Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
• 1886 – Amelie Beese, German aviator and sculptor. (d. 1925)
• 1887 – Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1976)
• 1893 – Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
• 1894 – J.B. Priestley, English playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
• 1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
• 1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
• 1903 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1904 – Gladys George, American stage and screen actress
• 1908 – Karolos Koun, Greek theater director (d. 1987)
• 1909 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (d. 1998)
• 1911 – Bill Monroe, American singer (d. 1996)
• 1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
• 1916 – Dick Haymes, Argentine vocalist (d. 1980)
• 1917 – Robert Ward, American composer
• 1919 – Mary Midgley, American philosopher
• 1922 – Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Edouard Boubat, French photographer (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Scott Brady, American film actor (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Harold Blair, Australian tenor, Aboriginal activist (d. 1976)
• 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Mel Tormé, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and executive
• 1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Robert Gavron, Baron Gavron, British printing millionaire
• 1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
• 1933 – Eileen Fulton, American actress
• 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian neo-Nazi
• 1936 – Joe E. Tata, American actor
• 1937 – Don Bluth, American animator
• 1938 – Judith Martin, American etiquette writer
• 1938 – John Smith, Labour Party Leader 1992 – 1994 (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor
• 1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
• 1940 – Óscar Arias, Costa Rican politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
• 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
• 1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
• 1944 – Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2009)
• 1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
• 1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
• 1945 – Noël Godin, Belgian humorist
• 1945 – Andres Küng, Swedish-Estonian politician, journalist (d. 2002)
• 1946 – Frank Marshall, American film producer
• 1948 – Nell Carter, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1948 – Dimitri Nanopoulos, Greek physicist
• 1949 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarrist (MC5) (d. 1994)
• 1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Polish politician
• 1951 – Jean Smart, American actress
• 1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
• 1952 – Raymond O'Connor, American actor
• 1952 – Don Was, American singer
• 1954 – Steve Kilbey, English musician (The Church)
• 1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
• 1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
• 1957 – John G. Trueschler, American politician
• 1957 – Vinny Appice, American musician (Black Sabbath, Dio, Heaven and Hell)
• 1957 – Judy Blumberg, American ice dancer
• 1958 – Paweł Przytocki, Polish conductor
• 1960 – Greg Baldwin, American voiceover actor (Avatar: The Last Airbender)
• 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American musician (ex-Metallica, Megadeth)
• 1961 – Barton Hawkins, American biophysical chemist
• 1961 – KK Null, Japanese musician
• 1961 – Peter Roskam, Republican Congressman from Illinois
• 1962 – Tõnu Õnnepalu, Estonian poet and author
• 1963 – Theodoros Roussopoulos, Greek politician
• 1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
• 1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
• 1965 – Annie Duke, American poker player
• 1965 – Jeffrey Ross, American Comedian
• 1966 – Maria Furtwängler, German physician
• 1966 – Louis Mandylor, Australian actor
• 1967 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
• 1967 – Tim "Ripper" Owens, American singer (Iced Earth, ex-Judas Priest)
• 1968 – Brad Johnson, American football player
• 1968 – Emma Sjöberg, Swedish model
• 1968 – Bernie Williams, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1969 – Ilka Knickenberg, German actress
• 1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
• 1970 – Martín Herrera, former Argentine footballer
• 1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
• 1970 – Yuki Matsuoka, Japanese voice actress
• 1970 – Jason Scott Sadofsky, American programmer
• 1970 – Jason Bourne, fictional character
• 1971 – Goran Ivanišević, Croatian tennis player
• 1971 – Manabu Namiki, Japanese composer
• 1971 – Stella McCartney, English fashion designer
• 1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
• 1973 – Kelly Chen, Chinese singer
• 1973 – Mahima Chaudhry, Indian actress
• 1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
• 1974 – Keith Murray, American rapper
• 1974 – Craig Rivet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian football player
• 1975 – Joe Don Rooney, American musician (Rascal Flatts)
• 1975 – Akihiro Asai, Japanese racing driver
• 1976 – Giorgos Koltzos, Greek footballer
• 1976 – Craig McMillan, New Zealand cricketer
• 1976 – José Théodore, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer
• 1977 – Ivan De Battista, Maltese actor and singer
• 1977 – Daisuke Tsuda, Japanese singer (Maximum the Hormone)
• 1978 – Megan Henning, American actress
• 1978 – Peter Sunde, Scandinavian entrepreneur
• 1979 – Geike Arnaert, Belgian singer (Hooverphonic)
• 1979 – Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleyball player
• 1980 – Han Chae Young, South Korean actress and model
• 1980 – Evangelos Nastos, Greek footballer
• 1980 – Ben Savage, American actor
• 1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1981 – August, American pornographic actress
• 1981 – Koldo Fernández, Spanish cyclist
• 1981 – Lauren Williams, Canadian wrestler
• 1982 – Miha Zupan, Slovenian basketball player
• 1982 – Lloyd Dyer, English footballer
• 1982 – Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
• 1983 – James Bourne, English musician
• 1984 – Nabil Abou-Harb, Arab-American filmmaker
• 1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
• 1986 – Sean Williams, American basketball player
• 1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
• 1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer

Deaths

• 81 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. 39)
• 1438 – Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
• 1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (b. 1514)
• 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
• 1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
• 1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr, Queen of Kakheti in Georgia (b. 1565)
• 1632 – Leopold V, regent of the Tirol (b. 1586)
• 1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
• 1766 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (b. 1704)
• 1800 – Claude Martin, French then British General (b. 1735)
• 1806 – Charles James Fox, English politician (b. 1749)
• 1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1718)
• 1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1847 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (b. 1767)
• 1872 – Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• 1881 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
• 1885 – Friedrich Kiel, Austrian composer (b. 1821)
• 1894 – Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer (b. 1841)
• 1904 – Raden Ayu Kartini, Indonesian national heroine (b. 1879)
• 1905 – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• 1912 – Maresuke Nogi, Japanese general (b. 1849)
• 1915 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
• 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian author (b. 1861)
• 1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
• 1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter (b. 1875)
• 1946 – Amon Göth, commandant of Nazi concentration camp (b. 1908)
• 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1874)
• 1965 – Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
• 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese Marshal and political leader.(b.1907)
• 1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1976 – Albert Tessier, French Canadian priest, historian and film maker (b. 1895)
• 1976 – Armand Mondou, French Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
• 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
• 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (b. 1936)
• 1991 – Joe Pasternak, American film director (b. 1901)
• 1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
• 1998 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
• 1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Toni Fritsch, Austrian football and American football player (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, Colombian politician (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Whakahuihui Vercoe, New Zealand clergyman (b. 1928)
• 2007 – Clare Oliver, Australian cancer activist (b. 1981)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • John Chrysostom
  • September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Día de los Niños Héroes (Mexico)
• Epulum Jovis, celebrated on the Ides of September, during the Ludi Romani. (Roman Empire)
• Programmers' Day, during a non-leap year. (Russia and programmers around the world)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada